Youth Defense System Standards

A specialized corps of zealous youth defenders can unlock young people’s constitutional right to freedom, liberty, and equal treatment and wield the power to challenge and dismantle institutionalized oppression. For youth defenders to effectively do this work, states must invest in well-resourced youth defense delivery systems to comply with their constitutional mandates. The National Youth Defense System Standards outline steps states must take to satisfy the minimum requirements of the U.S. Constitution to fully safeguard the rights of youth in the juvenile legal system.

Unshackle the Children

When the Gault Center launched the Campaign Against Indiscriminate Juvenile Shackling in 2014, only 13 states had legislation, court rules, or caselaw limiting indiscriminate shackling in juvenile court. Today, 39 states, DC, and Puerto Rico limit or prohibit the indiscriminate shackling of children, while just 11 states do not. Two new publications review the progress made over this decade and provide support for states' efforts to continue to reduce the use of this unnecessary and harmful practice.

A Call to Expand Post-Disposition Representation

Young people must be represented by a specialized youth defender until they are free from state control. In partnership with Open City Advocates, we have published A Call to Expand Post-Disposition Representation of Youth in the Juvenile Legal System and a toolkit to assist advocates in efforts to expand post-disposition representation in their jurisdictions.

Defenders of Youth Rights

The Gault Center supports a community of youth defenders who dedicate their legal practice to defending children in delinquency court. To maintain, grow, and diversify the community, the Gault Center organizes and delivers innovative trainings; responds to requests for assistance and support; and facilitates innovation between youth defenders in urban, rural, remote, and tribal communities in every state and territory.

Racial Justice

Young people in the legal system, who are disproportionately Black, Latino/a, and Indigenous, rarely receive the benefit of a childhood in which mistakes are made and then learned from and remedied. The Gault Center’s Racial Justice work is two-pronged: confronting bias and unequal treatment against young people as they navigate the court system and making an intentional effort to diversify the ranks of youth defenders.

Data & Research

Establishing effective youth defense services requires the development of youth defense data collection systems, a comprehensive research agenda, and state-by-state assessment of youth defense systems. Assessments provide a framework to identify gaps and strengths in youth defense services, amass information, and generate knowledge about the underlying condition of a youth defense system.

Regional Centers

  • All
  • Mid-Atlantic Youth Defender CenterDistrict of Columbia, Maryland, and VirginiaExplore
  • South Central Youth Defender CenterArkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and TexasExplore
  • Great Lakes Youth Defender CenterIllinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, and WisconsinExplore
  • New England Youth Defender CenterConnecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and VermontExplore
  • Northeast Youth Defender CenterDelaware, New Jersey, New York, and PennsylvaniaExplore
  • Southern Youth Defender CenterAlabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and US Virgin IslandsExplore
  • Southwest Youth Defender Center Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and UtahExplore
  • Western Youth Defender Center Alaska, American Samoa, California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, and WashingtonExplore
  • North Central Youth Defender CenterIdaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and WyomingExplore

By The Numbers

States Assessed

The Gault Center has evaluated youth defense systems in 29 states, providing state leaders, justice stakeholders, and the public with a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and deficits of children’s defense and offering recommendations tailored to the state to enhance due process protections for children.

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Resources Developed

Through reports, issue briefs, policy statements, training curricula, and other publications, the Gault Center has developed a vast library of resources to improve the practice of lawyers representing young people.

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Defenders Trained

Every year, the Gault Center hosts the Youth Defender Leadership Summit, the only national gathering of its kind to inspire and energize youth defenders from every state, and Summer Academy, a weeklong intensive training program for new and experienced frontline defenders. Throughout the year, we provide topic-specific training across the country.

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Defense Improvements

Through policy development, litigation support, training, and the assessment and evaluation of juvenile court systems, the Gault Center has been at the forefront of the movement to ensure young people have rights, representation, and a voice in juvenile court.

Strategic Priorities

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE SPECIALIZATION

Cultivating a community of defenders who represent youth by growing expertise, leadership, and training opportunities 

YOUTH RIGHTS AND EQUITY

Tearing down structural racism and confronting bias and unequal treatment of children in the court system 

DEFENDER-DRIVEN ADVOCACY

Ensuring children’s right to counsel is achieved in justice reform efforts from the local to the federal level

YOUTH, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS

Engaging youth and their circles of support to strengthen defenders and communities, while building bridges to common ground and collaboration 

Current Issues

Minimum Age of Prosecution

Over half the states in the U.S. do not set a minimum age of prosecution in juvenile court. And although common sense and international standards compel removal of younger children from the juvenile legal system, these states have yet to heed the call.

Right to Counsel at Interrogation

As early as 1948 the U.S. Supreme Court noted the heightened vulnerability of youth in the interrogation room when in Haley v. Ohio, they stated…

Specialization

About This Issue Representing children in juvenile court is a complex and specialized area of practice. It requires the integration…

Youth in Adult Court

While the Gault Center’s work focuses on the representation of youth in the delinquency system, many defenders must represent youth in both adult and juvenile court, as the number of youth tried as adults has increased drastically over the past two decades.

Latest From the Gault Center

Fall 2024 Resource Library Updates

The Gault Center has been regularly updating our Resource Library, where you will find up-to-date youth defense resources to enhance your practice and advocacy. In this post are some notable publications from the past couple of months that may be of interest to youth defense advocates.

Summer 2024 Resource Library Updates

The Gault Center has been regularly updating our Resource Library, where you will find up-to-date youth defense resources to enhance your practice and advocacy. In this post are some notable publications from the past couple of months that may be of interest to youth defense advocates.

Spring 2024 Resource Library Updates

The Gault Center has been regularly updating our Resource Library, where you will find up-to-date youth defense resources to enhance your practice and advocacy. In this post are some notable publications from the past couple of months that may be of interest to youth defense advocates.

Youth Defense System Standards

A specialized corps of zealous youth defenders can unlock young people’s constitutional rights and wield the power to challenge and dismantle institutionalized oppression. For youth defenders to effectively do this work, states must invest in well-resourced youth defense delivery systems to comply with their constitutional mandates. The National Youth Defense System Standards outline steps states must take to satisfy the minimum requirements of the U.S. Constitution to fully safeguard the rights of youth in the juvenile legal system.

Announcing: New Resource Library

Over the past few months, we’ve been rebuilding our resource library to make it easier for defenders to find what they are looking for in our library. We have now finished our rebuild, and we are happy to announce that the new Resource Library is now live!

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Donate

Feel good giving. The Gault Center is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization #02-0620456, so your donation is tax deductible. With your support no child will have to stand alone.

Join our team

Ready to make a difference? There are several avenues of engagement: Youth/Defense Policy Council, Fellowships, Law Clerk Positions, Policy & Administrative Internships

Contact Us

Do you have questions? Would you like to learn more or register for a training? We want to hear from you.

Get educated

Learning opportunities are unlimited with the Gault Center. You will find conferences, leadership summits, certifications, on-demand training, and racial justice tools

Get in touch

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